Laboratory homogenizersmix, blend or pulverize chemical and biological samples to form a uniform, homogenous suspension for further analysis. More specifically, homogenizers are used to lyse cellular structures, mill environmental samples, emulsify immiscible materials, and disperse chemical compounds by particle size.
What Are Homogenizers Used For?
Used commonly in the life science, environmental science, chemical synthesis, cosmetics, and cannabis industries, homogenizers are manufactured in handheld or benchtop designs to accommodate a wide range of sample types and volumes.
一个- Homogenizer Format
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Laboratory homogenizers利用多种机制将样品混合成均匀的混合物。经济，机械砂浆和杵单元将样品粉碎在容器和纯钝物之间。通常用于处理哺乳动物组织，人类细胞以及冷冻冷冻样品，砂浆和杵系统易于操作，负担得起且几乎不需要维护。但是，这些单元一次处理一个样本，表现出差的可重复性，并难以将困难的混合物融合在一起。为了进行研究和开发，样品测试和生产环境，可以使用四种常见的均质器格式：基于珠子的匀浆器，转子定位系统，桨式搅拌机和超声细胞破坏者。
一个1 - Bead Homogenizer
Bead-based homogenizersuse micro-beads - made of zirconium, silica glass, or stainless steel – to pulverize bone or hard tissue samples. The beads are placed into a close micro-tube containing the sample and rapidly agitated to ensure thorough mixing. Used for organelle extraction and cell isolation, bead mill homogenizers reduce the risk of sample cross-contamination, protect operators from infectious materials, and process up to 196 samples during a single run. However, bead mill units are designed to process small individual sample volumes (up to 2.0 ml) and require thorough bead cleaning between runs.
一个2 - Handheld Homogenizer
Handheld rotor-stator homogenizersinclude a rotating steel shaft encased within a stationary metal housing. As the rotor spins, the sample is aspirated into the area between the rotor and housing, shearing the sample before centripetal force pushes the sample through exit slots in the stator.
使用的手持均匀均质器是用什么？
转子定位均化器用于细胞破坏，组织提取，粒度减少和乳化，包括可互换的探针，以适应各种尺寸和粘度的样品。但是，这些系统的吞吐量很低，难以处理纤维样品，并需要彻底清洁以防止样品交叉污染。
一个3 - Paddle Blender
Paddle blendersutilize mixing paddles of different sizes to rapidly homogenize liquid samples placed in blender bags. Commonly used for food microbial analysis and water testing, paddle blenders accommodate high liquid sample volumes (up to 400 ml), achieve sub-micron particle sizes, and don’t require the use of beads. However, paddle blenders are more expensive than bead mill systems, require more bench space, and necessitate daily cleaning.
一个4 - Ultrasonic Sonicator Homogenizer
Ultrasonic homogenizers, or sonicators, include a generator that produces ultrasonic waves within the sample to disrupt cellular structures or tissues. The samples are homogenized through cavitation or ultrasonic waves that create bubbles as they travel through the liquid sample. The microscopic bubbles expand and then violently collapse, attacking and pulverizing the samples. Sonicators are powerful and operate at a high frequency, but generate heat, produce noise, and struggle to process dry samples.
B - Homogenizer Power Supply
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Ultrasonic homogenizersuse transducers to convert electrical energy into mechanical vibrations. When placed into the liquid sample, the generator probe amplifies the vibrations into pressure waves that use cavitation to shear the sample. As more power, measured in wattage, is applied to the transducer, the frequency of the pressure waves increases, allowing for faster homogenization rates and thorough processing of higher volume samples. Units producing between 55 and 250 watts of power are optimal for smaller, aqueous sample sizes (up to 250 ml). Units producing over 250 watts of power are ideal for larger, viscous samples (up to 1,000 ml) and specialty applications such as nanoparticle dispersion.
C - Homogenizer Controller
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C1 - Analog Homogenizers
均化器a模拟控制器include an on/off switch, amplitude dial, and toggle switch for continuous duty or run-by-run operation. More economical than digital controllers, analog systems don’t include audible or visual alarms, data export functions or access security.
C2 - Digital Homogenizers
均化器Digital Controllersinclude an LED readout and push buttons to regulate power level, run time and experiment progress. Certain controllers include audible and visual alarms, data export capabilities, saved sampling programs and password protection.
D - Homogenizer Voltage
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120-volt connections are suitable for standard laboratory power outlets in the United States, Canada, Mexico, and South America. 240-volt connections, common in Mainland Europe and throughout Asia, require less current (amperage) and smaller conductors than equipment designed to operate at 120-volt.
E-超声均匀频率
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Ultrasonic homogenizers, or sonicators, produce ultrasonic waves at two common frequencies:20 kHz(20,000 cycles per second) or40 kHz(40,000 cycles per second). As the frequency produced by the generator probe increases, the agitation rate of the sample also increases.
What Are the Differences Between 20 kHz and 40 kHz Homogenizers?
超声发生器operating at a frequency of 20 kHz are optimal for aqueous samples diluted in water or PH-neutral buffer whereas sonicators operating at 40 kHz are ideal for viscous samples.
F - Special Homogenizer Features
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F1-脉冲模式操作
Pulsed-mode operation, or pulsed-mode mixing, toggles between short cycles of high-intensity sonication and longer cycles of rest. The duration of the sonication and rest period are programmed by the user. Pulsed-mode operation is optimal for heat-sensitive samples as the rest periods allow for heat dissipation to prevent over-warming of the sample.
F2 - Refrigerated
The Next Advance BulletBlenderuses a refrigerated coil to cool samples housed in microtubes down to 4°C for processing and temporary storage of temperature-sensitive samples.
F3 - Cup Horn
Cup hornsprovide indirect sonication and act as an ultrasonic water bath, allowing samples to be processed in sealed tubes to prevent cross contamination and protect operators from exposure to hazardous materials.
F4 - Glass Cooling Cell
Glass cooling cellsallow for batch liquid samples to be processed at below-ambient temperatures. After the cooling cell is placed in an ice bath, the horn or micro-tip is inserted into the sample to circulate the solution. The cooling cell provides optimal surface area for heat transfer to protect delicate samples from overheating.
G - Homogenizer Probe Diameter
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The optimal probe diameter is dependent upon the sample tube or vessel size and the volume of the sample. Probes of 0.125” diameters are ideal for 1 ml to 15 ml sample volumes. Probes of 0.25” diameters are optimal for 10 ml to 50 ml sample volumes. Probes of 0.5” diameters are ideal for 20 ml to 250 ml samples. Probes of 0.75” diameters are optimal for 50 ml to 500 ml samples.
H - Sonicator and Homogenizer Sample Capacity
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小型超声超声均匀均匀剂的设计用于一次处理单个样品，而高通量模型在一次运行中最多可容纳192个样品。
Where Can I Buy Lab Homogenizers and Sonicators Online?
实验室 - Equipment.comis a specialty division ofbeplay体育最新下载入口. For nearly 40 years, Terra Universal has served the life science, pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and medical device markets. Customers appreciate a worldwide network of reps, factory-direct support, and ready-to-ship items available from Terra's on-shore manufacturing and warehouse facilities in Fullerton, California.
Shop lab homogenizers online各种各样的药品,实验室,life science research, and analytical environments. Terra specialists are able to provide support and expertise among many applications including life science research, drug discovery, material testing, wafer production, and wet chemistry.
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